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Challenges in Immunisation Coverage for Children in India
Context
A recent report by WHO and Unicef has highlighted significant concerns regarding India's immunisation efforts. In 2023, India ranked second globally, following Nigeria, in the number of children who did not receive any vaccines. Specifically, India recorded 1.6 million "zero-dose" children, indicating those who missed out on all routine immunisations.
Key-highlights of the Report:
- DPT Vaccine Coverage: There was a slight decline in coverage for the diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus (DPT) vaccine from 95% in 2022 to 93% in 2023. This serves as an indicator for zero-dose children.
- Measles Vaccine Coverage: India also ranked third globally in the number of children who did not receive the measles vaccine, with 1.6 million children missing out on this essential immunisation.
- Comparison with Neighbouring Countries: Pakistan and Afghanistan, neighbouring countries, showed relatively lower numbers of unvaccinated children compared to India, indicating varying immunisation challenges across South Asia.
Who are Zero-Dose Children?
- WHO Definition: Zero-dose children are those who have not received any routine immunisation services, particularly the first dose of the DPT vaccine. This metric helps identify gaps in immunisation coverage and guides intervention strategies.
- Risk Factors and Access to Immunisation
- Risk Profile: Children classified as zero-dose in India are primarily those who missed the initial DPT vaccine dose administered around six weeks after birth.
- Health Facility Births: Around 88.6% of births in India occur in health facilities, ensuring access to vaccines like BCG (against tuberculosis) for most newborns.
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