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Harnessing India's Rooftop Solar Potential
Context
India's installed rooftop solar (RTS) capacity has seen significant growth, with a record increase of 2.99 GW in 2023-2024. As of March 31, the total installed RTS capacity in India was 11.87 GW. This growth underscores the need for a sustained push to harness India's vast RTS potential to meet the rising energy demands.
Key Highlights of the RTS Programme
- Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission: Launched in January 2010, aiming to produce 20 GW of solar energy by 2022, later revised to 100 GW with a 40 GW RTS component.
- Current Status: As of December 2022, India had installed 7.5 GW of RTS capacity, extending the 40 GW target to 2026. The overall RTS potential is approximately 796 GW.
- Future Targets: To achieve 500 GW of renewable energy by 2030, with 280 GW from solar, RTS must contribute around 100 GW.
State-wise Performance
- Gujarat: Leading with an installed RTS capacity of 3,456 MW, attributed to quick approval processes, a large number of installers, and high consumer awareness.
- Maharashtra: Following with 2,072 MW, driven by robust policies and a conducive regulatory environment.
- Rajasthan: Boasts the highest RTS potential (1,154 MW) due to its land area and high solar irradiance, supported by streamlined approvals and financial incentives.
- Other States: Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka have also performed well, while Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Jharkhand face challenges like bureaucratic hurdles and lack of infrastructure.
Challenges and Solutions
- Economic Viability: Government subsidies and low-cost financing options are crucial. Increasing the number of financial institutions offering RTS loans can make these systems more accessible.
- Technological Advancements: Promoting R&D in solar technology, energy storage solutions, and smart-grid infrastructure can reduce costs and improve system reliability.
- Skill Development: Training programs like 'Suryamitra' can build a skilled workforce to support the growing RTS sector.
- Regulatory Framework: Updating net-metering regulations, grid-integration standards, and building codes is essential to address emerging challenges and facilitate smooth implementation.
Implications on Energy Security
- Energy Independence: Expanding RTS can reduce dependence on fossil fuels, enhancing India's energy security.
- Environmental Benefits: Increased use of solar energy can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change.
- Economic Growth: Developing the RTS sector can create jobs, stimulate economic growth, and provide reliable power to underserved areas.
Need for Equity in Solarification
- Inclusive Growth: Ensuring equitable access to RTS systems across urban and rural areas can bridge the energy divide.
- Support for Marginalized Communities: Providing targeted subsidies and incentives can help marginalized communities adopt RTS, ensuring they benefit from renewable energy advancements.
PM Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana scheme
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Mains Practice Question
Q: “How well is India tapping its rooftop solar potential? Discuss the challenges and suggest measures to enhance the adoption of rooftop solar systems in India.”
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