Harnessing India's Rooftop Solar Potential

India's installed rooftop solar (RTS) capacity has seen significant growth, with a record increase of 2.99 GW in 2023-2024. As of March 31, the total installed RTS capacity in India was 11.87 GW. This growth underscores the need for a sustained push to harness India's vast RTS potential to meet the rising energy demands.

Key Highlights of the RTS Programme

• Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission: Launched in January 2010, aiming to produce 20 GW of solar energy by 2022, later revised to 100 GW with a 40 GW RTS component.
• Current Status: As of December 2022, India had installed 7.5 GW of RTS capacity, extending the 40 GW target to 2026. The overall RTS potential is approximately 796 GW.
• Future Targets: To achieve 500 GW of renewable energy by 2030, with 280 GW from solar, RTS must contribute around 100 GW.

State-wise Performance

• Gujarat: Leading with an installed RTS capacity of 3,456 MW, attributed to quick approval processes, a large number of installers, and high consumer awareness.
• Maharashtra: Following with 2,072 MW, driven by robust policies and a conducive regulatory environment.
• Rajasthan: Boasts the highest RTS potential (1,154 MW) due to its land area and high solar irradiance, supported by streamlined approvals and financial incentives.
• Other States: Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka have also performed well, while Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Jharkhand face challenges like bureaucratic hurdles and lack of infrastructure.

Challenges and Solutions

• Economic Viability: Government subsidies and low-cost financing options are crucial. Increasing the number of financial institutions offering RTS loans can make these systems more accessible.
• Technological Advancements: Promoting R&D in solar technology, energy storage solutions, and smart-grid infrastructure can reduce costs and improve system reliability.
• Skill Development: Training programs like 'Suryamitra' can build a skilled workforce to support the growing RTS sector.
• Regulatory Framework: Updating net-metering regulations, grid-integration standards, and building codes is essential to address emerging challenges and facilitate smooth implementation.

Implications on Energy Security

• Energy Independence: Expanding RTS can reduce dependence on fossil fuels, enhancing India's energy security.
• Environmental Benefits: Increased use of solar energy can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change.
• Economic Growth: Developing the RTS sector can create jobs, stimulate economic growth, and provide reliable power to underserved areas.

Need for Equity in Solarification

• Inclusive Growth: Ensuring equitable access to RTS systems across urban and rural areas can bridge the energy divide.
• Support for Marginalized Communities: Providing targeted subsidies and incentives can help marginalized communities adopt RTS, ensuring they benefit from renewable energy advancements.

Mains Practice Question

Q: “How well is India tapping its rooftop solar potential? Discuss the challenges and suggest measures to enhance the adoption of rooftop solar systems in India.”