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Opposition’s larger demography, LoP’s big responsibility
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Context
The 2024 general election resulted in the numerically largest Opposition in Lok Sabha history, with over 234 seats. This has reignited discussions about the role and significance of the Leader of the Opposition (LoP) in Indian parliamentary democracy.
Historical and Legal Framework of LoP:
- Definition and Recognition: The Salary and Allowances of Leaders of Opposition in Parliament Act, 1977 first defined the LoP as the leader of the party in opposition with the greatest numerical strength.
- Numerical Requirement: To be recognized as LoP, a party needs 10% of the House strength (54 seats in Lok Sabha) as per Speaker's Direction 121 from the 1950s.
- Impact of 10th Schedule: The 10th Schedule's recognition of all political parties as "parties" regardless of size has made the earlier categorization of parties and groups less relevant.
Significance and Challenges of LoP in Indian Context:
- Westminster Tradition: In Westminster tradition, the LoP is considered the Prime Minister-in-waiting and forms a shadow cabinet to scrutinize government policies.
- Indian Adaptation: India hasn't adopted the shadow cabinet system, and the 1977 Act doesn't define specific functions for the LoP.
- Opposition Unity: The LoP faces challenges in uniting a diverse opposition without the power-sharing arrangements available to ruling coalitions.
Impact of 2024 Election on Opposition's Role:
- Increased Influence: The unprecedented 234+ opposition members have boosted opposition morale and influence in parliamentary proceedings.
- Parliamentary Dynamics: This new dynamic can affect question admissions, bill debates, committee referrals, and other House functions.
- LoP's Responsibility: The LoP has a crucial responsibility to maintain opposition unity and effectively communicate government failures to the public.
Potential for Strengthening Democratic Traditions:
- Communication Channels: British tradition encourages direct communication between the Prime Minister and LoP on major policy initiatives.
- Historical Precedents: Historical examples, like Nehru's engagement with opposition leaders, demonstrate the value of respectful parliamentary discourse.
- Opportunity for Normalcy: The large opposition presents an opportunity to restore normalcy and constructive debate in Parliament.
UPSC Mains Questions:
Q. Compare and contrast the concept of a 'shadow cabinet' in the Westminster system with the functioning of opposition in the Indian Parliament.
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