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Mpox virus (West African clade 2)

Context

A confirmed case of Mpox virus (West African clade 2) has been reported in an isolated patient in India.

About Mpox Virus

  • Mpox is a zoonotic virusthat causes flu-like symptoms and a rash with painful lesions
  • Mpox is an infectious disease caused by a virus that belongs to the same family as that which causes smallpox.
  • There are two distinct lineages of mpoxclade I and clade II.
  • Symptoms: Rash, lesions, fever, headache, muscle aches, back pain, fatigue and swollen lymph nodes.
  • Spread: It is spread through close contact with people who have the illness.
  • The World Health Organisation (WHO) has recently declared the Mpox outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC).

Mpox Virus Clades:

 

Clade 1 (Congo Basin Clade)

Clade 2 (West African Clade)

Severity and Virulence

It is more virulent with higher fatality rates (1-10%).

It is less severe with a fatality rate of less than 1%.

Symptoms

It causes severe symptoms including intense skin rashes, large lesions, pronounced lymphadenopathy (swelling of lymph nodes), and higher rates of complications like encephalitis and pneumonia.

Symptoms are milder with fewer complications.

Geographic Distribution

Central Africa, especially the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Predominantly found in West Africa, particularly Nigeria and surrounding regions.

Transmission

Higher person-to-person transmission rate through respiratory droplets and close contact.

Lower rate of human-to-human transmission compared to Clade 1.

Animal Models

Demonstrates high virulence in studies, causing severe disease in experimental models.

Exhibits reduced virulence and replication in studies compared to Clade 1, with lower lethality even at high doses.

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