10th September 2024 (12 Topics)
Mpox virus (West African clade 2)
Context
A confirmed case of Mpox virus (West African clade 2) has been reported in an isolated patient in India.
About Mpox Virus
- Mpox is a zoonotic virusthat causes flu-like symptoms and a rash with painful lesions.
- Mpox is an infectious disease caused by a virus that belongs to the same family as that which causes smallpox.
- There are two distinct lineages of mpox: clade I and clade II.
- Symptoms: Rash, lesions, fever, headache, muscle aches, back pain, fatigue and swollen lymph nodes.
- Spread: It is spread through close contact with people who have the illness.
- The World Health Organisation (WHO) has recently declared the Mpox outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC).
Mpox Virus Clades:
|
|
Clade 1 (Congo Basin Clade) |
Clade 2 (West African Clade) |
|
Severity and Virulence |
It is more virulent with higher fatality rates (1-10%). |
It is less severe with a fatality rate of less than 1%. |
|
Symptoms |
It causes severe symptoms including intense skin rashes, large lesions, pronounced lymphadenopathy (swelling of lymph nodes), and higher rates of complications like encephalitis and pneumonia. |
Symptoms are milder with fewer complications. |
|
Geographic Distribution |
Central Africa, especially the Democratic Republic of Congo. |
Predominantly found in West Africa, particularly Nigeria and surrounding regions. |
|
Transmission |
Higher person-to-person transmission rate through respiratory droplets and close contact. |
Lower rate of human-to-human transmission compared to Clade 1. |
|
Animal Models |
Demonstrates high virulence in studies, causing severe disease in experimental models. |
Exhibits reduced virulence and replication in studies compared to Clade 1, with lower lethality even at high doses. |
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