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Mumps Vaccine

Context

Tamil Nadu has requested the Government of India (GoI) to include the mumps vaccine in the Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP), following a significant rise in mumps cases across the state.

Need for Mumps Vaccine Inclusion:

The Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine only offers 78% protection against mumps, although offering 93% protection against measles and 97% protection against rubella.
The Union Health Ministry excluded the vaccination in 2016, citing its limited efficacy and the belief that mumps would not become serious.
According to the Tamil Nadu Journal of Public Health and Medical Research, mumps cases have been steadily increasing, with a sharp rise in 2024. The number of cases surged from 129 in 2022-23 to 1,091 in 2023-24.
The Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine to the routine immunisation schedule, which currently covers 12 vaccine-preventable diseases under the UIP.
Tamil Nadu's UIP currently includes vaccines for diseases such as tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis, hepatitis B, and measles (the Measles-Rubella vaccine was added in 2017). However, the mumps vaccine is not part of this programme, despite rising cases.

Fact Box:

About Mumps

Mumps is an acute viral illness caused by a paramyxovirus called the mumps virus.
It is a contagious viral illness that causes swelling in the salivary glands, usually in the cheek and jaw area.
Mumps is typically spread through direct contact with saliva or respiratory droplets from an infected person and is said to be as contagious as the flu.
Incubation period: The average incubation period is 16 to 18 days, but it can also range from 12 to 25 days.
Virus is acquired by respiratory droplet transmission. It replicates in the nasopharynx and regional lymph nodes.
Associated complications
- Orchitis (swelling of testicles)
- Oophoritis (swelling of ovaries)
- Encephalitis (swelling or inflammation in the brain)
- Meningitis (swelling or inflammation of the membranes around the brain and spinal cord)
- Loss of hearing
- Pancreatitis (swelling of the pancreas)

Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP)

The Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) is one of India's most comprehensive public health initiatives, aiming to provide life-saving vaccines to millions of newborns and pregnant women each year.
Initially launched in 1978 as the Expanded Programme on Immunization, it was rebranded as the UIP in 1985 when its coverage was extended beyond urban centres to rural areas, addressing disparities in healthcare access.
In 1992, the UIP was incorporated into the Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Programme and later, in 1997, into the National Reproductive and Child Health Programme.
Since 2005, under the National Rural Health Mission, the UIP has become a central component of India's public health efforts, focusing on ensuring that vaccines reach every child, even in the most remote parts of the country.
Diseases Covered Under UIP: Currently, the program provides free immunization against 12 diseases, including nine nationwide, such as Diphtheria, Tetanus, Polio, Measles, and Hepatitis B.
- Additionally, it offers vaccines against Rotavirus diarrhoea, Pneumococcal Pneumonia, and Japanese Encephalitis in specific regions.
Notable milestones include India’s elimination of polio in 2014 and maternal and neonatal tetanus in 2015, achievements that underscore the impact of the UIP in protecting public health.

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GS Analyst: Daily Current Affairs

23rd December 2024 (11 Topics)

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Mumps Vaccine

Need for Mumps Vaccine Inclusion:

Fact Box:

Still Have Questions?

GS Analyst: Daily Current Affairs

Mumps Vaccine

Need for Mumps Vaccine Inclusion:

Fact Box:

Still Have Questions?

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