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Nipah Virus

Context

A 24-year-old student has died from the Nipah virus in the southern Indian state of Kerala.

What is Nipah?

Nipah virus is a zoonotic virus transmitted from animals to humans. The virus was first identified in Malaysia in 1998.
It is transmitted to humans mainly from fruit bats, pigs, contaminated fruits, or through human-to-human transmission.
Symptoms: Symptoms can range from asymptomatic infection to acute respiratory infection.
- Initial symptoms: headache, muscle pain, vomiting, and sore throat, later leading to severe respiratory issues, atypical pneumonia, and neurological issues such as encephalitis. O
- Other symptoms: dizziness, drowsiness, and altered consciousness.
Nipah can cause a lethal, brain-swelling fever in humans.
Fruit bats are known as the reservoir of the virus, and all the outbreaks in Kerala had been reported during the May-September period – the rainy season.
Nipah is classified as a priority pathogen by the World Health Organization (WHO) because of its potential to trigger an epidemic.
There is no vaccine to prevent infection and no treatment to cure it.

Other important zoonotic viruses:

Rabies Virus: It is primarily transmitted through the bite of an infected animal, such as dogs, bats, or other mammals.
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) and Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS): Contact with rodent urine, droppings, or saliva.
Ebola Virus Disease (EVD): Direct contact with blood, bodily fluids, or tissues of infected animals like bats or primates.
Lassa Fever Virus: Contact with urine or feces of infected rodents (multimammate rats).
SARS-CoV (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus): Respiratory droplets and contact with infected animals (e.g., civet cats).
MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus): Respiratory droplets and contact with camels or infected individuals.
Zika Virus: Primarily through mosquito bites, but can also be transmitted through sexual contact and from mother to baby.
West Nile Virus: Mosquito bites, with birds as the primary reservoir.
Influenza A Virus (Avian Flu): Contact with infected birds or their droppings.
Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus: Tick bites, and possibly through consumption of unpasteurized dairy products.

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GS Analyst: Daily Current Affairs

17th September 2024 (10 Topics)

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Nipah Virus

What is Nipah?

Other important zoonotic viruses:

Still Have Questions?

GS Analyst: Daily Current Affairs

Nipah Virus

What is Nipah?

Other important zoonotic viruses:

Still Have Questions?

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