12th August 2024 (13 Topics)
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Nitrogen-use efficiency in Indian rice varieties
Context
Biotechnologists have discovered significant variations in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) among popular rice varieties in India. This breakthrough could help develop new rice varieties that use less nitrogen, thereby reducing fertilizer costs and environmental pollution.
Key Findings:
- The study found a five-fold variation in NUE among different rice varieties, meaning some varieties are significantly better at using nitrogen efficiently.
- The findings suggest that there are many untapped varieties with potentially high NUE, which could be further explored.
- Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) measures the yield of a crop relative to the nitrogen available to it, including both natural and artificial sources.
- This research could lead to more efficient rice varieties that reduce fertilizer costs and environmental impact.
- Current Challenges: India uses a large portion of its urea on cereals, especially rice. Inefficient use of nitrogen fertilizers results in a waste of ?1 trillion annually in India and over $170 billion globally.
- Nitrogen fertilizers contribute to nitrous oxide and ammonia pollution, affecting air quality, water sources, and climate change.
- Potential Solutions:
- Improvements in fertilizer formulations and crop management practices can enhance NUE.
- The study highlights the need for biotechnological advancements to develop rice varieties with higher NUE and better yields.
- Global Context: India is the second-largest source of nitrous oxide emissions, mainly due to fertilizer use, contributing significantly to global greenhouse gas levels.
Fact Box: Rice Cultivation in India
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