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GS Analyst: Daily Current Affairs

24th December 2024 (14 Topics)
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Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant

Context

An anti-corruption outfit in Bangladesh has initiated investigation into the USD 12.65 billion Rooppur nuclear powerplant that is being constructed with Russian assistance.

About Rooppur nuclear power plant

  • The under construction Rooppur nuclear power plant is located 160 km from Dhaka and is one of the largest nuclear projects that Russsian nuclear major Rosatom has been building.
  • The deal to build the power plant was initiated in February 2011 which led to an initial contract between Rosatomm and Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission in December 2015.
  • Subsequently the Bangladesh Atomic Regulatory Authority issued the first site licence for the plant in June 2016. The project has been under construction since 2017 and the first unit of the nuclear power project is expected to be completed in 2025. Once fully operational the power plant will generate 2400 megawatt electricity.
  • Rooppur power project led to a trilateral agreement among India, Bangladesh and Russia in 2018 when India’s nuclear players such as NPCIL began to assist the construction of the units.

Fact Box: India's Nuclear Power Capacity 

  • India has a largely indigenous nuclear power programme.
  • India is committed to achieve the Net Zero emissions target by 2070 (announced by PM Modi at the 26th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP26) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in November 2021).
    • In this regard, India has initiated steps to increase the share of nuclear power capacity.
  • Currently, 24 reactors supply India’s 8,180 MW of nuclear energy, with an additional 21 reactors totalling 15,300 MW under various stages of development by NPCIL.
  • There has been more than a 70 percent surge in India’s nuclear power capacity in the last 10 years, increasing from 4,780 MW in 2013-14 to 8,180 MW at present.
  • The annual electricity generation from nuclear power plants has also increased from 34,228 million units in 2013-14 to 47,971 million units in 2023-24.
  • India plans to add 18 reactors with a combined capacity of 13,800 MW, bringing total nuclear capacity to 22,480 MW by 2031-32.
  • Major projects include four 1,000 MW plants at Kudankulam (Tamil Nadu) with Russian collaboration and four 700 MW PHWRs in Rajasthan and Haryana.
  • Three-stage nuclear power programme: India has adopted a three-stage nuclear power programme, with the long-term goal of deploying a thorium-based closed nuclear fuel cycle.
    • The first stage involves the use of pressurised heavy water reactors (PHWRs), fuelled by natural uranium, and light water reactors.
    • The second stage involves reprocessing used fuel from the first stage to recover the plutonium to fuel FBRs.
    • In stage 3, Advanced Heavy Water Reactors (AHWRs) will burn thorium-plutonium fuels and breed fissile uranium-233.
  • The PFBR will initially use a core of uranium-plutoniummixed oxide (MOX) fuel, surrounded by a uranium-238 'blanket', with plans to use a blanket of uranium and thorium to "breed" plutonium and U-233 for use as driver fuels for AHWRs.

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