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Tackling the Fatty Liver Disease Epidemic
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Context
The theme for International Fatty Liver Day this year, observed annually in June, is 'Act Now, Screen Today.' This theme emphasizes the urgency of addressing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), now reclassified as Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), due to its rising prevalence and significant health implications.
Growing Burden
- Prevalence and Statistics: MASLD affects approximately 25-30% globally. In India, fatty liver prevalence among adults is 38.6%, while it is around 36% among obese children.
- Link with Metabolic Syndrome: High MASLD prevalence rates are noted in individuals with diabetes (55.5%-59.7%), obesity (64.6%-95%), and severe metabolic syndrome (73%).
- Diet and Insulin Resistance: Excessive intake of refined carbohydrates and sugars leads to insulin resistance, promoting fatty liver development and progression to severe conditions like steatohepatitis and cirrhosis.
Challenges of Early Detection and Screening
- Asymptomatic Nature: Fatty liver disease often goes undetected in early stages due to the lack of symptoms, making comprehensive health screenings essential.
- Screening Components: Effective screening includes physical examinations (BMI, abdominal girth, waist-to-hip ratio), blood tests (sugar profile, lipid profile, liver function tests), and abdominal ultrasounds.
- Advanced Diagnostic Tools: Technologies like vibration-controlled transient elastography assess liver stiffness and fibrosis, facilitating early detection and monitoring of liver disease progression.
Personalisation and Integrated Approaches
- Customized Screening: Screening tests and frequencies should be personalized based on risk factors such as family history, lifestyle, and pre-existing health conditions.
- Comprehensive Management: Integrated strategies combining dietary modifications, regular physical activity, and effective weight management are crucial for mitigating liver disease risks.
- Awareness and Lifestyle Choices: Emphasizing the impact of lifestyle choices on liver health is critical. Regular health screenings and informed dietary habits are essential for long-term health.
UPSC Mains Questions:
Q. Examine the role of personalized and integrated approaches in managing fatty liver disease. How can lifestyle modifications and regular screenings contribute to better liver health outcomes?
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