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Winter Session of Parliament
Context:
Winter Session of Parliament to start on December 4.
Sessions of the Parliament
A session of Indian Parliament is the time period during which a House meets almost every day continuously to transact business.
- There are usually three sessions in a year:
- The Budget Session (February to May)
- The Monsoon Session (July to September)and
- The Winter Session (November to December).
- Part-V (Article 79 – 122) of the Constitution deals with the organization, composition, duration, officers, procedures, privileges and powers of the Parliament.
- A session contains many meetings. Each meeting has two sittings – morning sitting from 11 am to 1 pmand post-lunch sitting from 2 pm to 6 pm.
- A sitting of Parliament can be terminated by adjournment, adjournment sine die, prorogation or dissolution.
- The period between the prorogation of a House and its reassembly in a new session is called ‘recess’.
Summoning:
- Summoning is the process of calling all members of the Parliament to meet.
- It is the duty of Indian President to summon each House of the Parliament from time to time.
- The maximum gap between two sessions of Parliament cannot be more than six months. In other words, the Parliament should meet at least twice a year.
Adjournment:
- An adjournment suspends the work in a sitting for a specified time, which may be hours, days or weeks. In this case, the time of reassembly is specified.
- An adjournment only terminates a sitting and not a session of the House.
- The power of adjournment lies with the presiding officer of the House.
Adjournment Sine Die:
- Adjournment sine die means terminating a sitting of Parliament for an indefinite period.
- In other words, when the House is adjourned without naming a day for reassembly, it is called adjournment sine die.
- The power of adjournment sine die lies with the presiding officer of the House.
Prorogation:
- Prorogation means the termination of a session of the House by an order made by the President under article 85(2) (a) of the Constitution.
- Prorogation terminates both the sitting and session of the House.
- Usually, within a few days after the House is adjourned sine die by the presiding officer, the President issues a notification for the prorogation of the session.
- However, the President can also prorogue the House while in session.
Dissolution:
- Dissolution ends the very life of the existing House, and a new House is constituted after general elections are held.
- Rajya Sabha, being a permanent House, is not subject to dissolution. Only the Lok Sabha is subject to dissolution.
- The dissolution of the Lok Sabha may take place in either of two ways:
- Automatic dissolution
- Order of President
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