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China's launch of an intercontinental ballistic missile

Context

China conducted a successful test of an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) designed to potentially reach US cities. This marked a rare public display of military capability aimed at showcasing China's strategic deterrence. China choosing the Pacific Ocean as the location for test-firing its missile comes across as both a display of its increased nuclear capabilities and as a warning to the United States and its allies in the region.

About intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM)

  • China’s latest ICBM is known to be DF-41 (Dongfeng-41), which first came into service in 2017. It is known to have an operational range of up to 12,000–15,000 km, capable of reaching the United States’ mainland.
  • Chinese state-run media have claimed the missile can load up to 10 MIRV warheads with a total weight of 2,500 kg.
  • An ICBM typically has a range greater than 5,500km (3,420 miles) and is designed to carry nuclear warheads.
  • How common are missile tests in the Pacific region?
    • Few countries have ICBMs in their arsenal, and testing is usually restricted to their own territory.

China's military

  • China boasts the world’s largest standing army and the biggest navy.
  • The U.S. report also estimated China had more than 500 operational nuclear warheads as of May 2023 and was on track to accumulate more than 1,000 operational nuclear warheads by 2030.
  • China has not revealed the size of its nuclear arsenal.
  • In comparison, Russia is believed to have a total inventory of more than 5,580 warheads — including 4,380 stockpiled warheads for operational forces, as well as an additional 1,200 retired warheads awaiting dismantlement — according to a report this year by the Federation of American Scientists.
  • The same report put the U.S. nuclear warheads at 5,044.
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