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04th November 2024 (12 Topics)

COP-16 Summit

Context

The 16th edition of the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD) in Cali, Colombia, saw representatives of countries trying to iron out a conclusive deal well past the deadline.

Background of the Convention

  • The CBD follows previous meetings, including the 2022 summit in Montreal, Canada.
  • Key outcome from the Montreal meeting: the 30-by-30 agreement aimed to protect 30% of land and water by 2030, addressing the current protection levels of 17% for land and 10% for marine areas.
  • The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF) established 23 action-oriented global targets for urgent biodiversity action by 2030, including:
    • Reducing invasive alien species by 50%
    • Minimizing pollution risks to tolerable levels
    • Creating a mechanism for benefit-sharing from digital sequence information and integrating biodiversity into various policies

Current Developments at COP-16

  • Although a final text is pending, negotiators have agreed to establish a subsidiary body that includes indigenous groups in discussions on conservation and biodiversity.
  • A contentious issue at COP-16 was the Digital Sequence Information (DSI) agreement, focusing on the sharing of benefits from commercial products derived from DNA analysis of living organisms.
  • Key agreements adopted include commitments to address biodiversity and climate change, mainstream biodiversity in various sectors, and manage invasive species.

India’s Contribution to COP-16

  • India presented an updated biodiversity plan.
  • Financial Commitment: India expects to spend approximately ?81,664 crore on biodiversity and conservation from 2025-2030. Between 2018-2022, it spent ?32,207 crore on these efforts.
  • India emphasized the need for international finance to meet its biodiversity goals, aligning with Target 19 of the KMGBF, which seeks to mobilize $200 billion annually for biodiversity, including $30 billion from international sources.
  • Significant initiatives by India include:
    • Establishing the International Big Cat Alliance to protect seven major big cat species, signifying a commitment to ecosystem health.
    • Increasing its Ramsar sites (wetlands of ecological importance) from 26 to 85 since 2014, with projections to reach 100 soon.

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