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COP-16 Summit
Context
The 16th edition of the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD) in Cali, Colombia, saw representatives of countries trying to iron out a conclusive deal well past the deadline.
Background of the Convention
- The CBD follows previous meetings, including the 2022 summit in Montreal, Canada.
- Key outcome from the Montreal meeting: the 30-by-30 agreement aimed to protect 30% of land and water by 2030, addressing the current protection levels of 17% for land and 10% for marine areas.
- The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF) established 23 action-oriented global targets for urgent biodiversity action by 2030, including:
- Reducing invasive alien species by 50%
- Minimizing pollution risks to tolerable levels
- Creating a mechanism for benefit-sharing from digital sequence information and integrating biodiversity into various policies
Current Developments at COP-16
- Although a final text is pending, negotiators have agreed to establish a subsidiary body that includes indigenous groups in discussions on conservation and biodiversity.
- A contentious issue at COP-16 was the Digital Sequence Information (DSI) agreement, focusing on the sharing of benefits from commercial products derived from DNA analysis of living organisms.
- Key agreements adopted include commitments to address biodiversity and climate change, mainstream biodiversity in various sectors, and manage invasive species.
India’s Contribution to COP-16
- India presented an updated biodiversity plan.
- Financial Commitment: India expects to spend approximately ?81,664 crore on biodiversity and conservation from 2025-2030. Between 2018-2022, it spent ?32,207 crore on these efforts.
- India emphasized the need for international finance to meet its biodiversity goals, aligning with Target 19 of the KMGBF, which seeks to mobilize $200 billion annually for biodiversity, including $30 billion from international sources.
- Significant initiatives by India include:
- Establishing the International Big Cat Alliance to protect seven major big cat species, signifying a commitment to ecosystem health.
- Increasing its Ramsar sites (wetlands of ecological importance) from 26 to 85 since 2014, with projections to reach 100 soon.
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