The 16th edition of the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD) in Cali, Colombia, saw representatives of countries trying to iron out a conclusive deal well past the deadline.
Background of the Convention
The CBD follows previous meetings, including the 2022 summit in Montreal, Canada.
Key outcome from the Montreal meeting: the 30-by-30 agreement aimed to protect 30% of land and water by 2030, addressing the current protection levels of 17% for land and 10% for marine areas.
The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF) established 23 action-oriented global targets for urgent biodiversity action by 2030, including:
Reducing invasive alien species by 50%
Minimizing pollution risks to tolerable levels
Creating a mechanism for benefit-sharing from digital sequence information and integrating biodiversity into various policies
Current Developments at COP-16
Although a final text is pending, negotiators have agreed to establish a subsidiary body that includes indigenous groups in discussions on conservation and biodiversity.
A contentious issue at COP-16 was the Digital Sequence Information (DSI) agreement, focusing on the sharing of benefits from commercial products derived from DNA analysis of living organisms.
Key agreements adopted include commitments to address biodiversity and climate change, mainstream biodiversity in various sectors, and manage invasive species.
India’s Contribution to COP-16
India presented an updated biodiversity plan.
Financial Commitment: India expects to spend approximately ?81,664 crore on biodiversity and conservation from 2025-2030. Between 2018-2022, it spent ?32,207 crore on these efforts.
India emphasized the need for international finance to meet its biodiversity goals, aligning with Target 19 of the KMGBF, which seeks to mobilize $200 billion annually for biodiversity, including $30 billion from international sources.
Significant initiatives by India include:
Establishing the International Big Cat Alliance to protect seven major big cat species, signifying a commitment to ecosystem health.
Increasing its Ramsar sites (wetlands of ecological importance) from 26 to 85 since 2014, with projections to reach 100 soon.