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Farakka Barrage
Context
Bangladesh is experiencing severe floods due to continuous monsoon rains and overflowing rivers. The country has partly attributed the flooding to the opening of the Farakka Barrage gates in West Bengal, India. However, India’s Ministry of External Affairs has denied any link between the Farakka Barrage and the floods in Bangladesh.
About Farakka Barrage
- The Farakka Barrage is situated on the Ganga River in West Bengal's Murshidabad district. It is located approximately 18 km from the border with Bangladesh.
- The barrage officially commenced operations on April 21, 1975.
- Purpose: to merely divert 40,000 cusecs of water into the Farakka canal and is carefully done using a system of gates on the main Ganga river, while the balance water flows into the main river which then flows to Bangladesh in its natural course.
- The Farakka Barrage Agreement, 1977 And The Ganga Water Treaty, 1996
- The Ganga river flows from India into Bangladesh, where its primary distributary is known as the Padma river. The river ultimately drains into Bay of Bengal after a confluence with the river
- The reason for India to establish the Farakka barrage was to flush out the silt of Bhagirathi Hooglyriver to ensure smooth operation of Kolkata port. Bangladesh said that Ganga is an international river, so the water from it must be regulated as per a mutual agreement.
- The two nations, in 1972, established a Joint River Commission (JRC) to negotiate terms of the water settlement.
- In 1977, both countries signed an agreement to resolve the Farrakka issue.
- In 1996, Bangladesh signed a fresh treaty with India - known as The Ganga Water Treaty, 1996. The agreement was to share the surface waters at the Farakka Barrage near the India-Bangladesh border.
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