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4th February 2025 (12 Topics)

India Becomes the World Leader in Tiger Population

Context

India has made a remarkable achievement by becoming the country with the largest tiger population in the world, according to a recent study. Over the past decade, India has doubled its tiger population, reaching approximately 3,600 tigers, which now constitutes 75% of the global tiger population.

Key Statistics and Success Factors

  • The tiger population in India now occupies an area of 138,200 square kilometers.

Government Initiatives:

  • Tiger hunting was officially banned and the Wildlife Protection Act came into force in 1972.
  • Project Tiger: Project Tiger was launched by the Centre on 1 April 1973 to conserve the beautiful big cat.
  • In 1973, the International Union for Conservation of Nature declared the tiger an endangered species.
  • Every four years, a report, called the ‘Status of Tigers’ is published by the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) laying out population information. 
  • According to the 5th cycle of the All India Tiger Estimation 2022 (usually conducted in cycles of four years) summary report, India has a minimum of 3,167 tigers and is now home to more than 70 per cent of the world’s wild tiger population.
  • This success is attributed to several key conservation measures, including:
    • Protection from poaching
    • Conservation of habitats
    • Securing prey availability
    • Efforts to reduce human-wildlife conflict
    • Engagement and support for local communities

About

Tiger (Panthera Tigris)

  • Tiger (Panthera tigris) is the largest member of the cat family (Felidae) and also the earliest Panthera member to exist.
  • Primarily a forest animal, they range from the Siberian taiga to the Sunderban delta.
  • In the wild, tigers are found in India, Nepal, China, Russia, Bhutan, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, Sumatra (Indonesia) and Malaysia.
  • It is the national animal of India, Bangladesh, Malaysia, and South Korea.
  • Status: Endangered
  • Since 2015, the global tiger population has increased from 3,200 in 2015 to approximately 4,500 in 2022. 
  • The five surviving sub species of tiger are 
    • Indian Tiger or Royal Bengal Tiger(Panthera tigris tigris) found in India, Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh
    • Indo-Chinese tiger(Panthera tigris corbetti) mainly found in Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia but are also found in Myanmar, Southern China, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam
    • Siberian or Amur Tiger(Panthera tigris altaica) found in far east Russia
    • Sumatran Tiger(Panthera tigris sumatrae) found in the Indonesian island of Sumatra 
    • South China Tiger (Panthera tigris amoyensis) found in China. The population found in Peninsular Malaysia has been given a status of separate sub species Panthera tigris jacksoni.
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