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Live-in to legal, community weddings empower women
Context
A tribal community of Jharkhand following ‘Dhuku’ tradition of live-in relationship, as they are unable to marry due to poverty in the community.
- They are getting married through ‘community marriages’ organised by the help of a NGO and facilitated by district administration and Coal India Ltd in the state.
Background
- The concept of Live-in is not new in India, it was known with several names since the ancient times.
- It was known as ‘maitri-karar’in which a written agreement was made between people of two opposite sex that they would live together as friends and look after each other.
- Similarly, Gandharva marriage, one of the eight Hindu marriages, has its roots in the concept of live-in.
- A man and woman meet each other of their own accord, consent to live together, and their relationship is converted to copulation born of passion.
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What is Dhuku marriage?
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Highlights of the tradition
- It is a civil cohabitation and is approved before and after pregnancy and even after the birth of children.
- But dhuku marriages are a social banefor tribals in Jharkhand.
- The Munda, Oraon, and Ho tribes primarily practice Dhukna in tribal-dominated rural areas of Jharkhand, and such marriages have been flourishing in patriarchal tribal communities for centuries due to poverty and illiteracy.
- Dhuku marriage is a compulsion, not a choice, and tribals for centuries have been deprived of basic social recognition and respect because of poverty.
Legality of live-in relationships
- In India, no specific legislation or customs is governing the same.
- Thus, the Supreme Court has elaborated the concept of live-in relations through its Judgments and has issued guidelines to deal with such relationships.
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