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30th December 2024 (12 Topics)

New extension to Suez Canal

Context

Egypt has tested a newly constructed 10-kilometre extension of the Suez Canal aimed at reducing the impact of water and air currents on shipping, as well as enhancing the overall capacity of the canal.

Background:

  • This project follows a major $8 billion expansion of the canal in 2015 and aims to continue improving the canal's efficiency. The Suez Canal has been a critical source of foreign currency for Egypt, but its revenue has fallen by up to 70% in recent years due to disruptions caused by Houthi rebel attacks on shipping in the Red Sea.
  • Functionality: The extension will improve navigational safety, and it will also reduce the effects of strong winds and sandstorms, which have previously caused incidents like vessels running aground. In 2021, the Ever Given, a large container ship, was lodged in the canal for nearly a week, causing significant trade delays.

What is the Suez Canal?

  • The Suez Canal is a waterway that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Indian Ocean through the Mediterranean and Red Sea respectively.
    • Prior to the canal being built, ships would circumnavigate Africa to connect goods between Asia and Europe. The construction of the canal cut down the travel time and the costs involved by a huge margin gaining widespread popularity. 
  • The Suez Canal was built as a joint enterprise between the French and the Ottoman Empire. 
  • Connecting Ports: The canal extends from the northern terminus of Port Said to the Southern end of Port Tewfik at the city of Suez.
  • Upon its construction, the Suez Canal became the lifeline for all trade between the East and the West. Today, roughly 12 per cent of global trade, 7 per cent of the world’s oil, and 30 per cent of daily container traffic passes through the canal. More than 20,000 ships pass through the canal daily.
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