23rd April 2025 (8 Topics)
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Pahalgam Terror Attack
Context
The Pahalgam terror attack on April 22, 2025, stands as one of the most devastating assaults on civilians in Jammu and Kashmir since the 2008 Mumbai attacks. This incident not only highlights the persistent security challenges in the region but also has significant implications for India's internal stability and its international relations. An outfit linked to the Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) known as The Resistance Front, has taken responsibility for the attack.
What does the attack show?
- Pattern of ‘Diplomatic Disruption’: The attack mirrors a longstanding pattern where high-profile terror strikes coincide with significant diplomatic events.
- Clinton's visit in 2000 (Chittisinghpura massacre), or now with VP Vance in India and PM Modi abroad.
- The objective is to internationalize the Kashmir dispute and embarrass Indian diplomacy.
- Pakistan’s Doctrinal Continuity on Kashmir: Statements like those of General Asim Munir labeling Kashmir as Pakistan’s "jugular vein" reflect a consistent ideological position that fuels cross-border terrorism. Even without direct attribution, such rhetoric reinforces militant narratives and undercuts any peace prospects.
- Challenge to Counterterrorism Diplomacy: India's strategic outreach to West Asia, including enhanced security cooperation with Saudi Arabia and Gulf nations, is indirectly undermined by such incidents. These attacks seek to project India as an unstable partner in a region otherwise focused on economic and security cooperation frameworks.
Security Challenges in Post-370 Jammu & Kashmir
In 2019, the Indian government revoked Jammu and Kashmir’s special autonomy under Article 370 and split the region into two Union Territories: Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh.
- Tourism as a Soft Target and Symbol of Normalcy: The surge in tourism post-2019 (after Article 370 revocation) became a key indicator of peace and socio-economic revival. Attacks targeting tourists are intended to erode this perception of normalcy and deter civilian confidence, particularly from non-local visitors.
- Revival of Civilian-Targeting Strategy: Militant groups are reverting to high-visibility attacks on civilians rather than security forces, aiming to maximize public fear and media traction. This is part of a broader asymmetric warfare strategy intended to destabilize economic confidence and local livelihood networks.
- Security Apparatus Overstretch and Terrain Complexity: The dispersed influx of civilians and the region's rugged topography present logistical challenges. While military infrastructure is well-established, civil tourist zones (like Baisaran valley) remain vulnerable due to limited real-time surveillance, inadequate manpower, and gaps in last-mile intelligence.
Partition of India (1947):
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