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Pakistan reports fifth polio case
Pakistan has confirmed the fifth polio case of the year, more than a fortnight after the victim's death, jolting the country's efforts to eradicate the crippling disease.
What is Polio?
- Polio, short for poliomyelitis, is a highly contagious viral disease that primarily affects children under 5 years old.
- It is caused by the
- Poliovirus spreads easily from person to person, mainly through contaminated feces entering the mouth (faecal-oral route). Less commonly, it can spread through contaminated water or food.
- Symptoms and Effects: Initially, poliovirus infects the throat and intestines, causing flu-like symptoms. In severe cases, it can invade the nervous system, leading to paralysis, especially in the limbs. In rare instances, it can be fatal.
- Variations of Poliovirus: There are three types of poliovirus:
- Wild Poliovirus Type 1
- Wild Poliovirus Type 2
- Wild Poliovirus Type 3
- Wild poliovirus types 2 and 3 have been eradicated globally, and type 1 remains in a few areas. Type 1 is most likely to cause paralysis.
- Vaccines available to fight polio: Inactivated poliovirus (IPV), Oral polio vaccine (OPV):
- According to the World Health Organisation, polio remains endemic in only two countries: Pakistan and Afghanistan.
India’s Case:
In 2012, the WHO removed India from the list of countries with active endemic wild poliovirus transmissioIndia launched the Pulse Polio immunisation programme in 1995 after a resolution for a global initiative of polio eradication was adopted by the World Health Assembly (WHA) in 1988.
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