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The innate limitations in executing iCET
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Context
The Initiative on Critical and Emerging Technologies (iCET) between India and the US faces structural challenges in its execution, particularly regarding technology transfer and autonomy of US defense companies.
Challenges in Technology Transfer:
- IPR and Export Control Hurdles: US defense companies are reluctant to share military technologies due to strict export control laws and intellectual property rights concerns.
- Partial Technology Transfer: General Electric's F-414INS6 engine deal with India involves transferring about 80% technology, but excludes critical know-how related to forging metallurgy discs for turbines.
- Limited UAV Technology Sharing: Technology transfer from General Atomics for MQ-9 UAVs is limited to around 10-15%, primarily focused on establishing a domestic maintenance facility.
Limitations of US Defense Industry Cooperation:
- Commercial Interests vs. Strategic Goals: US government does not act on behalf of defense companies owning IPRs, as these companies are primarily driven by commercial interests.
- Historical Precedent: Failure of the 2012 Defense Technology and Trade Initiative (DTTI) due to technology transfer issues highlights persistent challenges.
- Restrictions on 'Jugaad': Complex 'enabling' protocols and strict end-use monitoring programs like 'Golden Sentry' restrict India's ability to apply 'jugaad' (innovative adaptations) to US-origin platforms.
Strategic Implications and Future Prospects:
- Shifting Defense Partnerships: iCET is part of US strategy to reduce India's dependency on Russian arms, as outlined in a recent Senate Foreign Relations Committee report.
- Multi-organizational Approach: The initiative involves multiple organizations like INDUS-X, Joint IMPACT, and ADDD to facilitate cooperation.
- Balancing Act: Success of iCET depends on overcoming bureaucratic hurdles and aligning US commercial interests with broader strategic goals in the India-US partnership.
UPSC Mains Questions:
Q. How does the restriction on applying 'jugaad' to US-origin platforms impact India's defense capabilities? Discuss the implications for India's strategic autonomy in military technology.
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