Literature Nepali

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Paper-I

(Answers must be written in Nepali)

Section-A

1. History of the origin and development of Nepali as one of the new Indo-Aryan Languages

2. Fundamentals of Nepali Grammar and phonology:

(i) Nominal forms and categories :- Gender, Number, Case, Adjectives, Pronouns, Avyayas

(ii) Verbal forms and categories- Tense, Aspects, Voice, Roots and Fixes

(iii) Nepali Swara and Vyanjana;

3. Major Dialects of Nepali

4. Standardisation and Modernisation of Nepali with special reference to language movements (viz. Halanta Bahiskar, Jharrovad etc.)

5. Teaching of Nepali language in India-Its history and development with special reference to its socio-cultural aspects.

Section-B

1. History of Nepali literature with special reference to its development in India.

2. Fundamental concepts and theories of literature : Kavya/Sahitya, Kavya Prayojan, Literary genres, Shabda Shakti, Rasa, Alankara, Tragedy, Comedy, Aesthetics, Stylistics.

3. Major literary trends and movements- Swachchhandatavad, Yatharthavad, Astitwavad, Ayamik Movement, Contemporary Nepali writings, Postmodernism.

4. Nepali folklores (the following folk-form only)- Sawai, Jhyaurey, Selo, Sangini, Lahari.

Paper-II

(Answers must be written in Nepali)

This paper will require first hand reading of the texts prescribed below and questions will be designed to test the candidate's critical acumen.

Section-A

1.	Santa Jnandil Das	Udaya Lahari
2.	Lekhnath Poudyal	Tarun Tapasi (Vishrams III, V, VI, XII, XV, XVIII only)
3.	Agam Singh Giri	Jaleko Pratibimba : Royeko Pratidhwani (The following poems only-rasawako Chichy-ahat-sanga Byunjheko Ek Raat, Chhorolai, Jaleko Pratibimba : Royeko Prati-dhwani, Hamro Akashmani Pani Hunchha Ujyalo, Tihar).
4.	Haribhakta Katuwal	Yo Zindagi Khai Ke Zindagi : (The following poems only - Jeevan : Ek Dristi, Yo Zindagi Khai Ke Zindagi, Akashka tara Ke Tara, Hamilai Nirdho Nasamjha, Khai Many-ata Yahan Atmahutiko Balidan Ko).
5.	Balkrishna Sama	Prahlad
6.	Manbahadur Mukhia	Andhyaroma Banchneharu (The following One-Act plays only-Andhyaroma Banchneharu,'Suskera').

Section-B

1.	Indra Sundas	Sahara
2.	Lilbahadur Chhetri	Brahmaputrako Chheuchhau
3.	Rupnarayan Sinha	Katha Navaratna (The following stories only-Biteka Kura, Jimmewari Kasko, Dhanamatiko Cinema-Swapna, Vidhwasta Jeevan).
4.	Indrabahadur Rai	Vipana Katipaya (The following stories only-Raatbhari Huri Chalyo, Jayamaya Aphumatra Lekha-pani Aipugi, Bhagi, Ghosh Babu, Chhutyaiyo).
5.	Sanu Lama	Katha Sampad (The following stories only-Swasni Manchhey, Khani Tarma Ekdin, Phurbale Gaun Chhadyo, Asinapo Manchhey).
6.	Laxmi Prasad Devkota	Laxmi Nibandha Sangraha (The following essays only-Sri Ganeshaya Namah, Nepali Sahityako Itihasma Sarvashrestha Purus, Kalpana, Kala Ra Jeevan, Gadha Buddhiman Ki Guru?)
7.	Ramkrishna Sharma	Das Gorkha (The following essays only-Kavi, Samaj Ra Sahitya, Sahityama Sapekshata, Sahityik Ruchiko Praudhata, Nepali Sahityako Pragati)