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Imperative for UNSC Reform
Context
Denmark, Greece, Pakistan, Panama, and Somalia have been recently elected to serve on the U.N. Security Council for two-year terms. In recent times, countries are advocating for reforms within the UNSC to ensure equitable representation and effectiveness in addressing global security challenges.
Key-highlights
- The Security Council consists of 15 members, including five permanent members with veto power and ten non-permanent members elected for two-year terms.
- Selection Process: Members are chosen through a voting process where nominees from regional groupings are voted on by all 193 U.N. member states.
- Regional Representation: This year's selections include Somalia for Africa, Pakistan for Asia-Pacific, Panama for Latin America and the Caribbean, and Denmark and Greece for two Western seats.
Why UNSC requires “reforms”?
- The formation of the UN Security Council, comprising five permanent members — China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States — occurred nearly eight decades ago.
- At that time, the global landscape comprised approximately 50 independent nations.
- Despite the significant increase in the number of sovereign states to around 193 today, the control over UNSC membership has remained concentrated in the hands of the original five permanent members.
- India's Efforts: India, alongside Japan, Germany, and Egypt, has actively advocated for UNSC reform. The proposal put forth by this coalition seeks to address the imbalance in representation and enhance the Council's effectiveness.
- Challenges Faced: Obtaining consensus for UNSC reform has proven challenging. While some nations have expressed support, others have been hesitant or resistant to change. Overcoming these hurdles necessitates concerted efforts and strategic diplomacy.
Global Support for India's Candidacy:
- India's aspiration for a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) has been a longstanding diplomatic endeavour.
- India's rising global stature and widespread support from various regions position it favorably for a permanent seat on the UNSC. India's economic growth, large population, vibrant democracy, and diplomatic prowess under Prime Minister Modi's leadership provide a strong foundation for garnering support.
- Support from the African Union, ASEAN nations, the United States, European countries, and other regions underscores India's candidacy.
- Potential Opposition: While China remains a potential obstacle to India's permanent membership, diplomatic efforts could sway opinions, especially if China stands isolated in its opposition.
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