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India's Ballistic Missile Defence System

Context

India recently achieved a significant milestone in its defence capabilities with the successful flight-testing of the second phase of its Ballistic Missile Defence (BMD) System. This system is designed to protect against hostile missiles with ranges up to 5,000 km.

Phases of India's BMD Programme

India's BMD programme is structured into two phases. The first phase has been completed, while the second phase, known as Phase-II AD (Endo-atmospheric missile),is currently underway.
Phase-II aims to validate intercept systems for a new range category, enhancing India's defence capabilities in both endo-atmospheric and low exo-atmospheric regions.
- Exo-atmospheric missiles are capable of completing missions in the upper-most region of the earth's atmosphere.
- Endo-atmospheric missiles are the ones that operate within the earth's atmosphere that covers an altitude below 100 km.
Key Features of Phase-II AD Endo-atmospheric Missile
Phase-II AD is an indigenous, two-stage, solid-propelled missile system designed for intercepting various types of enemy ballistic missiles within the altitude range of endo-atmospheric to low exo-atmospheric regions.

Fact Box: About Ballistic Missile Defence (BMD)

A BMD system is crucial for defending against ballistic missile attacks rather than for offensive purposes.
It operates by intercepting ballistic missiles in three phases:
- terminal phase (during descent through the atmosphere)
- mid-course interception (in-flight interception)
- lift-off phase (targeting at launch)
Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme: Initiated in 2000 after the Kargil War, India's BMD programme aims to develop and deploy a multi-layered defence system against ballistic missile threats.
o The programme includes indigenously developed radars and missiles, showcasing India's capability to defend against missile attacks both inside and outside the earth's atmosphere.
Achievements and Milestones: India successfully conducted the Prithvi Air Defence Exercise (PADE) in November 2006. During PADE, the Prithvi Air Defence (PAD) interceptor system, an exo-atmospheric interceptor, successfully intercepted a Prithvi-II ballistic missile, demonstrating India's progress in developing advanced missile defence technologies.

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India's Ballistic Missile Defence System

Phases of India's BMD Programme

Fact Box: About Ballistic Missile Defence (BMD)

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