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Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4)

Context

Indian astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla, a seasoned Indian Air Force test pilot, is set to make history as the first Indian to travel to the International Space Station (ISS) as part of the Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) in May this year.

About Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4)

Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) is a private astronaut mission organized by Axiom Space in collaboration with NASA and SpaceX.
The mission is designed to carry international astronauts to the International Space Station (ISS) aboard a SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft, launched from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center, Florida.
The Ax-4 mission will be the most research-intensive Axiom mission to date, conducting around 60 scientific studies from 31 countries, covering biology, human physiology, materials science, and educational outreach.
Mission Highlights:
- Spacecraft: SpaceX Crew Dragon.
- Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9 rocket.
- Crew Composition:
  - Commander: Peggy Whitson (former NASA astronaut).
  - Pilot: Shubhanshu Shukla (India) – First Indian to travel to ISS.
  - Mission Specialists: Astronauts from Hungary and Poland.
- ISRO’s Role & Experiments: ISRO is sending six experiments aboard this mission, aimed at advancing space biology, biotechnology, and human spaceflight preparedness. These include:
  - Voyager Displays – Understanding cognitive and visual performance in microgravity using screens.
  - Voyager Tardigrades – Studying survival mechanisms of tardigrades (microscopic animals) to unlock genes linked to resilience in space.
  - Crop Seeds on ISS – Analyzing spaceflight's impact on six crop varieties for future space farming.
  - Cyanobacteria Growth Study – Investigating their role in life-support systems and oxygen generation.
  - Myogenesis Study – Exploring muscle loss and potential therapies for astronauts and Earth-based muscle diseases.
  - STEMonstrations & Sprouts – Promoting student engagement in space research and studying plant growth in space.

Fact Box: International Space Station

The International Space Station is a large spacecraft in orbit around Earth.
It is a permanently crewed on-orbit laboratory that enables scientific research supporting innovation on Earth and future deep space exploration.
It serves as a home where crews of astronauts and cosmonauts live.
The ISS is equipped with various spaces for daily activities, including six sleeping quarters, two bathrooms, a gym, and a unique 360-degree view bay window.
It orbits Earth at an average altitude of approximately 250 miles. It travels at 17,500 mph. This means it orbits Earth every 90 minutes.
The ISS is equipped with various spaces for daily activities, including six sleeping quarters, two bathrooms, a gym, and a unique 360-degree view bay window.
The first part of the International Space Station (ISS), called ‘Zarya’, was launched by Russia on November 1998. It provided fuel, power, and a docking zone for other spacecraft.
A month later, in December 1998, the United States launched the Unity Node 1 module.
Together with Zarya, they formed the beginning of the ISS.

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Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4)

About Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4)

Fact Box: International Space Station