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7th April 2025 (16 Topics)

Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4)

Context

Indian astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla, a seasoned Indian Air Force test pilot, is set to make history as the first Indian to travel to the International Space Station (ISS) as part of the Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) in May this year.

About Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4)

  • Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) is a private astronaut mission organized by Axiom Space in collaboration with NASA and SpaceX.
  • The mission is designed to carry international astronauts to the International Space Station (ISS) aboard a SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft, launched from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center, Florida.
  • The Ax-4 mission will be the most research-intensive Axiom mission to date, conducting around 60 scientific studies from 31 countries, covering biology, human physiology, materials science, and educational outreach.
  • Mission Highlights:
    • Spacecraft: SpaceX Crew Dragon.
    • Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9 rocket.
    • Crew Composition:
      • Commander: Peggy Whitson (former NASA astronaut).
      • Pilot: Shubhanshu Shukla (India) – First Indian to travel to ISS.
      • Mission Specialists: Astronauts from Hungary and Poland.
    • ISRO’s Role & Experiments: ISRO is sending six experiments aboard this mission, aimed at advancing space biology, biotechnology, and human spaceflight preparedness. These include:
      • Voyager Displays – Understanding cognitive and visual performance in microgravity using screens.
      • Voyager Tardigrades – Studying survival mechanisms of tardigrades (microscopic animals) to unlock genes linked to resilience in space.
      • Crop Seeds on ISS – Analyzing spaceflight's impact on six crop varieties for future space farming.
      • Cyanobacteria Growth Study – Investigating their role in life-support systems and oxygen generation.
      • Myogenesis Study – Exploring muscle loss and potential therapies for astronauts and Earth-based muscle diseases.
      • STEMonstrations & Sprouts – Promoting student engagement in space research and studying plant growth in space.

Fact Box: International Space Station

  • The International Space Station is a large spacecraft in orbit around Earth.
  • It is a permanently crewed on-orbit laboratory that enables scientific research supporting innovation on Earth and future deep space exploration.
  • It serves as a home where crews of astronauts and cosmonauts live.
  • The ISS is equipped with various spaces for daily activities, including six sleeping quarters, two bathrooms, a gym, and a unique 360-degree view bay window.
  • It orbits Earth at an average altitude of approximately 250 miles. It travels at 17,500 mph. This means it orbits Earth every 90 minutes.
  • The ISS is equipped with various spaces for daily activities, including six sleeping quarters, two bathrooms, a gym, and a unique 360-degree view bay window.
  • The first part of the International Space Station (ISS), called ‘Zarya’, was launched by Russia on November 1998. It provided fuel, power, and a docking zone for other spacecraft.
  • A month later, in December 1998, the United States launched the Unity Node 1 module.
  • Together with Zarya, they formed the beginning of the ISS.

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