Geography (Economic & Human Geography (Mains))
Subjects
- Indian Polity And Governance (Prelims)
- Features Of Indian Polity & Constitution (Mains)
- Executive, Judiciary, Legislature (Mains)
- Governance (Mains)
- Contemporary Issues: Features of Indian Polity & Constitution (Mains)
- Contemporary Issues: (Executive, Judiciary, Legislature) (Mains)
- Constitutional/Non-Constitutional Bodies
- Contemporary Issues: Governance (Mains)
Basics of Economic Geography
- Definition, Development and scope of Economic Geography
- Type of Economic Activities
- Primary Activities
- Secondary Activities
- Tertiary, Quaternary and Quinary Activities
- Recent Themes and Concepts in Economic Geography
- Agglomeration Economies
- Neo-liberalism
- Rise of macro regional Economic block
- Ethnicity in Economic Geography
- Concept of digital divide
Resource
- Land Resource
- Land-use Pattern and changes
- Problems of Land Resources:
- Land Degradation: Causes and Impact
- Concept of Land Degradation Neutrality
- Land Use Planning and Policy
- Water Resources
- Extent of Water Resources
- Water Resource Potential of India
- Utilization and related problems (Pollution)
- Inter- state water disputes in India
- Water management, conservation and Development
- National Water Policy
- Mineral Resources
- Types of Mineral Resources
- Distribution Pattern of Minerals in World
- Major Mineral Belts of India
- Problems related to mining
- Conservation of Mineral Resources
- National Mineral Policy, 2019
- Energy resources
- Classification of Energy Resources
- Distribution and production trend of major energy Resources
- Coal
- Petroleum
- Natural gas
- Strategic Oil Reserves
- Exploration of Coal Bed Methane
- Non-Conventional Energy Resources
- Solar Energy
- Wind Energy
- Geothermal
- Nuclear Energy Resources: Challenges and prospects in India
- Recent Debates on Resources
- Geopolitics of Natural Resources
- Globalisation and Unsustainable exploitation of natural resources
- Depletion of natural resources versus Economic Growth
- Changing Pattern of Land Use and Causes
- Water Crisis: Causes, Conflicts and Resolution
- Energy Crisis
- Challenges and constraints faced by coal sector
- Challenges in Hydropower sector
- Renewable Energy: way toward sustainability
- Energy Security: Energy Policy and strategy in India
Agriculture
- Agriculture Basic Terminologies
- Cropping pattern
- Agriculture Productivity
- Agriculture Intensity
- Land capability
- Location of agriculture
- World Agriculture Typologies
- Salient features of Indian Agriculture
- Problems of Indian Agriculture
- Factor Affecting Agriculture
- Geographical factors
- Institutional factors
- Technological factors
- Major Crops and conditions for growth
- Regionalization of Agriculture
- Various Revolutions in Agriculture Sector
- Green Revolution
- Impact of Green Revolution
- Evergreen Revolution
- White Revolution
- Operation Flood
- Blue Revolution
- Green Revolution
- Agricultural Policies and Initiatives
- Minimum Support Price: Benefits and Challenges
- Agriculture Market Produce Committees: Issues
- National Agriculture Market (NAM)
- Agricultural Produce and Livestock Marketing (Promotion and Facilitating) Act (APLM), 2017
- National Livestock Mission
- National Programme for Bovine Breeding and Dairy Development (NPBBD)
- Rashtriya Gokul Mission
- Agriculture Export Policy, 2018
- Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN)
- Pradhan Mantri Annadataaay Sanrakshan Abhiyan (Pm-Aasha)
- Operation Greens
- Dairy Processing & Infrastructure Development Fund (DIDF)
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Infrastructure Development Fund (FIDF).
- Agriculture Census
- Food Security
- Nature of Food Insecurity: Duration, Severity and types
- Trend and Pattern in Food Insecurity
- Causes and Geography of famine
- Key Dimension of food security
- Efforts and Remedies to ensure food security
- Agricultural in Discussion
- Controversy over GM Crops: Benefits and Issues
- Impact of climate Change on Agriculture
- Evergreen Green Revolution for Sustainable Livelihood
- Rainbow Revolution
- Blue Revolution: Impact on Rural Economy
- Climate Smart Agriculture
- Need of Agriculture Diversification
- Mixed farming: Hedging Agriculture Risks
- Problems and Prospects of dry-zone agriculture
- Plantation Agriculture: Issues involved
- Challenges of increasing Agriculture Productivity and Production
- New ‘White Revolution’: Need, Scope and Challenges
- Contract Farming: Benefits and Challenges
- Role of infrastructural and institutional
factors in the recent transformation of Indian agriculture - Impact of advanced agricultural technologies on the Environment
- Soil Health Card scheme and rationalisation of fertilizer subsidies
- Food Security: India’s Vulnerability and way-out
Industry
- Classification of Industries
- Factors affecting location of Industries
- Weber’s Model of Industrial Location
- Losch theory of Profit Maximization
- Various Industries: Location, Prospects and Challenges
- Iron and Steel Industry
- Textile Industry
- Jute Industry
- Auto Mobile Industry
- Fertilizer Industry
- Agro-based Industries
- Other Industries
- Industrial Regions and its Characteristics
- Major Industrial Regions of the World
- Industrial Regions of India
- Industrial Policies and Development
- A Scheme for Promotion of Innovation, Rural Industry and Entrepreneurship
- Scheme of Fund for Regeneration of Traditional Industries
- Stand Up India
- Fourth Industrial Revolution
- Role of Industrial development in minimizing regional inequalities
- Problems of Industrial regions
- Factors behind the growth and present location pattern of automobile industry in India
- Pharmaceutical industry: Locational pattern and reasons
- Sugar industry: Problems and challenges of current pattern
- Food Processing Industry: Untapped Potential
- Agro based Industries: Problems and Prospects
- Impact of agro-based industries on cropping pattern
- Tourism: Prospects and Impact on Environment
Transport and Communication
- Land Transport
- Roads
- Classification of roads
- National Highway Grid
- Problems and Prospects
- Bharatmala Pariyojana
- Railways
- Significance and Problems of Indian Railways
- Dedicated Freight Corridors
- Privatisation of Railways
- Pipelines
- Significance, Distribution and Challenges
- Water Transport
- Inland: National Waterways
- Factors affecting Inland waterways
- Significance and Challenges
- Jal Marg Vikas Project
- Seaways and Oceanic Route
- Shipping
- Major Ports of World and India
- Challenges in Port Development
- Sagarmala Project
- Air Transport
- National Airways
- National Civil Aviation Policy
- Regional Connectivity Scheme (UDAN)
- International Airways
- Communications
- Communication Infrastructure
- National Telecom Policy
- Major Issues in Transport and Communication
- Role of Transport in Regional Development
- Need for holistic transport planning to improve the city’s mobility
- Carbon footprint of the transport sector
- Road Transport: Investment Challenges
- Inland Waterways: Development challenges and prospects
- Ports: Inclusive centres of economic development
- Problem of Pot Development
- Analysis of Sagarmala Project
- Environmental issues of maritime shipping
- Role of Transport in Regional Development
- Eco Tourism: Way toward Responsible Tourism
- Trade
- World Trade Pattern
- Major Oceanic Trade Routes
- Basis of Overseas Trade
- Types of International Trade
- Bilateral Trade
- Multilateral Trade
- Various Organisation Related to International Trade
- Regional Trade Blocks
- Foreign Trade: India
- Trends in India’s Foreign Trade
- Composition Indian Trade
- Direction of India’s Foreign Trade
- Trade Pattern and Policies
- Changing Pattern of India’s foreign trade
- Challenges and prospects of foreign trade of India
- Impact of trade liberalisation on the geographical distribution of industries
- Neo-liberal reforms in Africa: Race of India and China
- National Airways
- Inland: National Waterways
- Roads
Demography and Census World & India
- Concept of human resources
- Factors affecting the distribution of Population
- Population growth
- Theories of Population Growth
- Malthusian Theory
- Marxian Theory
- Demographic transition theory
- Optimum Population Theory
- Size, growth rate and distribution of population
- Components of Population growth
- Theories of Population Growth
- Demographic Dividend
- Demographic Window of Opportunity
- Components of Population change
- Birth Rate
- Death Rate (Mortality Rate)
- Migration
- Factors responsible for migration
- Type of Migration
- Issues related to migration
- Migration pattern in world and India
- World Migration Report, 2018
- Population Composition
- Age Sex Pyramids & their significance
- Trends and Pattern in Sex Ratio
- Initiatives to improve Sex ratio
- Trends and Patterns in Literacy
- Government’s Efforts
- Fertility Rate
- Impact of Population Change
- Population Policies
- Need for revision of National Population Policy
- Population problems
- Global Nutrition Report, 2018
- Global Hunger Index
Settlements and Urbanization
- Rural Settlements
- Classification of Rural Settlements
- Function of Rural Settlements
- Patterns of Rural Settlements
- Changing Pattern of Rural Settlements
- Urban Settlements
- Origin of Urban Settlements- Functional Classification of Towns
- Urbanization
- Indian Mega Cities
- Central Place Theory
- Primate City
- Morphology of Indian Cities
- Conurbations
- Urban Slums
- Rural Urban Fringe
- Rural Urban Continuum
- Issues related to Urbanization in India
- Habitat – III Conference
- Schemes
- Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana or Housing for All Scheme
- Smart City Initiative
- AMRUT (Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation)
- HRIDAY (Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana)
Regional Planning and Development
- Concept of Region
- Types of Regions
- Issues of Regional Imbalances
- Strategies for Regional Development
Human Development
- Growth v/s Development
- Approaches to Human Development
- Human Development Index
- International comparisons of Human Development
- World Development Report, 2019
- Human Development Report
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