Polity & Governance (Indian Polity And Governance (Prelims))
Subjects
- Indian Polity And Governance (Prelims)
- Features Of Indian Polity & Constitution (Mains)
- Executive, Judiciary, Legislature (Mains)
- Governance (Mains)
- Contemporary Issues: Features of Indian Polity & Constitution (Mains)
- Contemporary Issues: (Executive, Judiciary, Legislature) (Mains)
- Constitutional/Non-Constitutional Bodies
- Contemporary Issues: Governance (Mains)
Evolution of the Constitution
- The Company Rule (1773-1858)
- Regulating Act, 1773
- Amending Act, 1781
- Pitt’s India Act, 1784
- Amending Act of 1786
- Charter Act, 1793
- Charter Act, 1813
- Charter Act, 1833
- Charter Act, 1853
- The Crown Rule (1858-1947)
- Government of India Act, 1858
- Indian Councils Act, 1861
- Indian Councils Act, 1892
- Indian Councils Act, 1909
- Government of India Act, 1919
- Simon Commission
- Government of India Act, 1935
- Indian Independence Act, 1947
- Drafting and Sources of Indian Constitution)
- Seminal Sources
- External Sources
- Developmental Sources
- Constitutional Practices
- Important Committees of the Constituent Assembly and their Chairman
Salient Features of Indian Constitution
- Constitution and Types
- What is a Constitution?
- Types of Constitution
- Functions of the Constitution
- Historical evolution of the Constitution
- Constituent Assembly
- Objectives of the Constitution
- Unitary features
- Federal features
- Types of Political System
- Types of Political System
- Types of Government
- Parliamentary form of government
- Features of the Presidential System
- Features of Semi-Presidential System
- Types of Majorities as per the Indian Constitution
- Absolute Majority
- Effective Majority
- Simple Majority
- Special Majority
- Preamble and Values in the Constitution
- The objectives laid down in the Preamble
- Whether the Preamble is a partof the Constitution or not?
- Whether Preamble can be amended or not?
- Ideals (mentioned in the Preamble)
- Democratic
- Sovereign
- Socialist
- Secular
- Republic
- Justice
- Equality
- Liberty
- Fraternity
- Integrity
- Amendment of the Constitution
- Procedure for amendment
- Types of Amendments
- Amendability of FR’s
- Ingredients of basic structure
- Doctrine and Terms
- Doctrine of severability
- Validity of Re-Constitutional Laws
- Doctrine of Eclipse
- Doctrine of Harmonious Construction
- Doctrine of Pith and Substance
- Doctrine of Colorable Legislation (Article 246)
- Doctrine of Territorial Nexus
- Doctrine of Laches
- Due Process of Law
- Procedure Established by Law
- Other Constitutional Dimensions
- Schedules and Subjects
- Official Languages
Union & Its Territory
- ARTICLE 1-4
- Article 1: Name and Territory of the Union
- Committee/commission for StateRe-organisation
- The State Reorganization Commission(SRC) 1953
- Article 2: Admit or Establish new State
- Article 3: Formation of new States andalternation of areas, boundaries or names of existing States
- Article 4: Laws made under articles2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedule and Supplemental.
- Delimitation Commission
Citizenship
- Constitutional Provisions
- Constitutional provisions of citizenship
- Citizenship Act, 1955
- The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2016
- Methodology of getting citizenship
- Modes of Losing the Citizenship of India
- Concept of dual citizenship
- Special privileges enjoyed bycitizens in India
- Rights and Duties of Citizens
- Indian Diaspora
- Pravasi Bhartiya Divas
- Non-Resident Indians
Fundamental Rights
- Evolution Objectives And Features
- Meaning
- Objectives
- Features
- Importance
- Restrictive limitations on fundamental rights
- Article 12 and Article 13
- Definition of state
- Laws Inconsistent with Fundamental Rights
- Right to Equality
- Article 14: Equality before the lawor the Equal protection of Law
- Article 15: Prohibition of Discriminationon the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth
- Article 16: Equality of Opportunityin matters of Public Employment
- Article 17: Abolition of Untouchability
- Article 18: Abolition of Titles
- Right to Freedom
- Article 19
- Article 20: (Protection in respectof conviction for offenses)
- Article 21: Protection of life andpersonal liberty
- Article 22: Protection against arrestand detention
- Right against Exploitation
- Article 23: Prohibition of Trafficin human beings and forced labour
- Article 24: Prohibition of employmentof children in factories, etc
- Right to Freedom of Religion
- Article 25: Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation or religion
- Article 26: Freedom to manage religious affairs
- Article 27: Freedom from payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion.
- Article 28: Freedom from attendance religious instruction or worship in educational institutions
- Cultural and Educational Rights
- Article 29: Protection of interest of Minorities
- Article 30: Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions
- Right to Constitutional Remedies
- Article 32: Right to Constitutional Remedies:
- Habeas Corpus
- Mandamus
- Certiorari
- Prohibition
- Quo Warranto
- Article 32: Right to Constitutional Remedies:
- FR’s other Dimensions
- Article 33
- Article 34
- Article 35
- Article 35A
Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)
- Evolution, objectives, and features
- Basic features
- Types
- Amendments
- Implementation
- Socialistic Principles
- Article: 38
- Article:39
- Article: 39A
- Article: 41
- Article: 42
- Article: 43
- Article: 43-A
- Article: 47
- Gandhian Principles
- Article: 40
- Article: 43
- Article: 46
- Article: 47
- Article: 48
- Liberal-Intellectual Principles
- Article: 44
- Article: 45
- Article: 48
- Article: 48A
- Article: 49
- Article: 50
- Article: 51
- Directive Principle Outside Part IV
- ARTICLE 335 IN PART XVI
- ARTICLE 350-A IN PART XVII
- Article 351 in Part XVII
Fundamental Duties
- Article: 51A
- Features
- Relation between of Fundamental Rightsand Fundamental Duties
- List Of Fundamental Duties
- 86th Constitutional Amendment Act 2003 : RTE
- Recent Developments
- Fundamental Duties – Awareness Campaigns is the Duty of Centre
- National Anthem - Mandatoryin Cinema Halls - Article 51(a)
- Prevention of Insults toNational Honour Act, 1971
- Triple Talaq Issue
- Uniform Civil Code
- MGNREGA: Right to Work
- Making Aadhar mandatory
System of Governance
- Centre-State Relations
- Legislative relations (Articles) 245
- Related to Territorial Powers
- Related to Legislative Powers
- Related to Parliament’s Powersto make Laws in State
- Sarkaria Commission’s Opinionon Legislative Relations
- Administrative Relations
- Delegation of Union Functionsto the States
- Sarkaria Commission’s Opinionon Administrative Relations
- Financial relations
- National Integration Council
- Inter State Relation
- Inter state water dispute
- Inter state councils
- Inter state trade and commerce
- Zonal Councils
- Special Provisoions for some States
- Provisions for Maharastra and Gujarat, Nagaland, Assam and Manipur
- Provisions for Jammu and Kashmir (A370) (now abrogated)
- Types of Emergencies
- National Emergency
- Constitutional/State Emergency /President’s Rule
- Financial Emergency
Union Executive
- President
- Eligibility
- Conditions of Office
- Term of Office
- Election
- Manner of Election
- Impeachment of the President
- Impeachment of the President
- Vacancy in the Office of President
- Powers of the President
- Executive powers (Article 53)
- Legislative Powers
- Financial Powers
- Ordinance Issuing Power (Article 123)
- Judicial/Pardoning Power
- Military
- Diplomatic
- Emergency Powers
- Vice President
- Qualification
- Conditions of Office
- Term of Office
- Election
- Removal
- Vacancy
- Functions of the Vice-President
- The Prime Minister
- Appointment
- Eligibility
- Powers and Functions of Prime Minister
- Relationship between the President
and the Prime Minister - Deputy Prime Minister
- Prime Minister’s Office
- Union Council of Minister
- Article 74: Council of Ministers to aidand advice President
- Article 75: Other Provisions as to Ministers
- Article 77: Conduct of Businessof the Government of India
- Article 78: Duties of Prime Minister
- Nature of advice by Ministers
- Strength of the Council
- Appointment of a Non-legislator as a Minister
- Collective responsibility of the Ministers
- Individual Responsibility of Ministers
Union Legislature
- Organisation of Parliament
- Organisation of Parliament
- Qualifications and Disqualifications forbeing a Member of Parliament (Article 84)
- Functions of the Parliament
- Functioning of the Parliament
- Sessions of Parliament
- Devices of Parliamentary Proceedings
- Parliamentary Privileges and Immunities
- Collective Privileges of the House
- Individual Privileges
- Houses of the Parliament
- Parliament, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
- Lok Sabha Composition
- Rajya Sabha Composition
- Presiding Officers of the Parliament
- Speaker
- Powers & Functions of the speaker
- Deputy Speaker
- Panel of Chairpersons of Lok Sabha
- Speaker Pro Tem
- Chairman of Rajya Sabha
- Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha
- Panel of Vice-Chairpersons of Rajya Sabha
- Chairman and Deputy chairman of the Council of States
- Legislative Procedure and Committees of Parliament
- Legislative Procedure in Parliament
- Ordinary Bill
- Money Bill
- Financial Bill
- Constitution Amendment Bill
- Lapsing of Bills
- Annual Financial Statement: Budget (Article 112)
- Demand of Grants
- Appropriation Bill
- Cut motions
- Stages in Enactment of Budget
- Other Grants
- Related Information of Budget
- Parliamentary committees
State Executive
- Governor
- Article 152: Definition
- Article 153: Governors of States
- Article 154: Executive power of State
- Powers of Governor
- Executive power
- Legislative power
- Financial Power
- Judicial Power
- Discretionary power
- Article 155: Appointment of Governor
- Article 156: Term of office of Governor
- Article 157: Qualifications for Appointment as Governor
- Article 158: Conditions of Governor’s office
- Article 159: Oath or affirmation by the Governor
- Article 160: Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies
- Article 161
- Article 162: Extent of executive power of State
- Recommendations on the office of Governor
- ARC (Administrative Reforms Commission)
- Sarkaria Commission
- National Commission to Review the working of the Constitution
- The Chief Minister and the CoM
- Powers and Functions of Chief Minister
- In Relation to Council of Ministers
- In relation to the Governor
- In Relation to State Legislature
- Other Powers and Functions
- Composition of the Council of Ministers
- Responsibility of Ministers
- Advocate-General for the State
- Powers and Functions of Chief Minister
State Legislature
- Legislative Assembly
- Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha)
- Powers and Functions
- Speaker & Deputy Speaker
- Parliament’s Control over State Legislature
- Legislative Council (Article 169)
- Qualifications
- Powers and Functions
Local Government
- Panchayati Raj
- Evolution of the Panchayati Raj Institution (PRI)
- 73rd Amendment Act of 1992
- Compulsory and Voluntary Provisions
- Urban Local Government
- 74th Constitutional Amendment Act
- Types of Urban Governments In India
Union Territories and special Areas
- Union Territories
- Creation of Union Territories
- Administration of UT’s
- Special provisions for Delhi
- Special Category Status
- Schedule and Tribal Areas
- Administration of Schedule Areas
- Administration of Tribal areas
The Judiciary
- The Supreme Court
- Chief Justice of India
- Acting Chief Justice of India
- Appointment of Supreme Court Judges
- Qualifications for Supreme Court Judges
- Removal of a Supreme Court Judges
- Process of Impeachment
- Ad hoc and Retired Judges
- Salaries and allowances of SupremeCourt Judges
- Chief Justices of India (Since 1951)
- Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
- Judicial Independence
- Judiciary Executive Relations
- The High Court Subordinate Courts & Lok Adalats
- The High Courts
- Jurisdiction of the High Courts
- Subordinate Courts
- Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008
- Alternative dispute Resolution
- Lok Adalat
- All India Judicial Service
- E-governance in Judiciary
- Judicial Impact Assessment
- Judges Standards and AccountabilityBill, 2010
- National Legal Services Authority (NALSA)
Constitutional & Non Constitutional Bodies
- Constitutional Bodies
- Finance Commission
- Constitution
- Functions
- Comptrollerand Auditor General of India
- Comptroller and Auditor-General
- Attorney-General of India
- Appointment
- Functions and Responsibilities
- Other Constitutional Bodies
- All India Services
- Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)
- State Public Service Commission (SPSC)
- Joint State public Service Commission (JSPSC)
- National Commission For SCs
- National Commission For STs
- Special Officer for Linguistic Minority
- The Advocate General (Article 165)
- Finance Commission
- Non Constitutional
- Special officer for linguistic Minorities
- Central Information Commission
- State Information Commission
- Lokpal and Lok Ayukta
- National Human Rights Commission
- State Human Right Commission
- CVC (Central Vigillance Commission)
Political Dynamics
- Political Parties and Election
- Electoral System in India
- Electoral Reforms Since 1988
- Salient features of the Representation of People Act, 1950
- Salient features of Representation of Peoples Act, 1951
- Elections in India
- Electoral reforms since 1988
- Criminalization of politics
- Negative or neutral voting
- State funding of Election
- Irregularities in polling
- Types of Political Parties
- Party System in India
- Political Parties in India
- Problems in the working of parties
- Casteism and Politic
- Strengthening of Anti-defection measures
- Pressure Groups
- Meaning and Techniques
- Pressure Groups in India
- Types of pressure groups
- Role of pressure groupin developing countries
- Functions of pressure groups in India
- Pressure groups methods
- Pressure groups and Democracy
- Criticism of pressure groups
Governance
- Governing Institutions in India
- Structure of Ministries/departments
- Political head
- Secretariat organization secretary
- Functions of the secretariat
- Functions of attached and subordinate office
- Other organizations
- Public sector undertakings
- The Executive organization
- Advantages of the separation ofsecretariat and executive organization.
- Strengths and weaknesses of theexisting structure
- Recommendations for improvingthe Organizational structure
- Audit and other Transparency initiatives
- CVC
- CAG
- Lokpal
- Lok Ayukta
- Role of SHG, NGOs, Civil Society
- SHGs
- Characteristics
- Role of SHGs in development
- NGOs
- Functions
- Role of NGOs in development
- Micro Finance Institutions
- Salient features
- Role of MFIs in development
- SHGs
- Social Sector Bills
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- The Juvenile Justice (Care andProtection of Children) Act
- Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill, 2016
- Child Labour (Prohibitionand Amendment) Bill, 2016
- Maternity Benefit Bill, 2016
- Pre-Conception & Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (PNDT) Act
- Mental Health Care Bill, 2013
- Protection of Children from Sexual Offenses (POCSO)
- Anti Trafficking Bill with Stringent Penalty
- HIV and AIDS (Prevention and Control)Bill- 2014 - Amendments
- Domestic Violence Act, 2005 - SC WidensAmbit
- Rights of Persons with DisabilitiesBill, 2014 with more Benefit
- Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights)Bill 2016
- The Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Amendment Act
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- Welfare Schemes
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- Health
- National Health Mission
- National Ayush Mission
- Jan Aushadhi Scheme
- Mission Indradhanush
- NFHS-4 survey
- Education
- Padhe Bharat Badhe Bharat
- Mid Day Meal Scheme
- GIAN (Global Initiative ofAcademic Networks)
- SWAYAM (Study Webs of Active –Learning for Young Aspiring Minds)
- Start-up and Skill Development
- Start Up India Scheme
- Stand up India Scheme
- National Student Start-up Policy
- National Skill Development Mission
- Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana
- Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana
- Skill Development Initiative Scheme
- Self-Employment & Talent Utilisation (SETU)
- Atal Innovation Mission
- Vulnerable Sector
- Social Security
- Atal Pension Yojana
- Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana
- Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana
- Nai Roshni Scheme
- USTAAD Scheme (Upgrading the Skills and Training in Traditional Arts/Crafts for Development)
- Nai Manzil Scheme
- Women and Child Development
- Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
- Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana
- Digital Gudda Guddi Board
- Ujjawala Scheme
- Janani Suraksha Yojana
- Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram
- SC/ST
- Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana
- Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana
- Disability
- Accessible India Campaign (Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan)
- Rural and Urban Development
- Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana
- Gram Uday Se Bharat Uday Abhiyan
- Shyama Prasad Mukharjee Rurban Mission
- Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana
- Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
- Swachch Bharat Abhiyan
- Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana- Gramin
- Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana - Urban
- Housing for all by 2022
- Smart Cities Mission
- Hriday - National Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana
- Amrut (Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation)
- Inclusive growth
- Measurement criteria
- Government initiatives for inclusive growth
- Basic Amenities: Housing/Drinking Waters/Sanitations
- Sustainable Development
- Rural Development
- Rural development and poverty alleviation
- Review of the existing Programmes
- Development Administration
- Panchayati Raj
- Agriculture and Rural Development
- Miscellaneous schemes
- Digilocker
- Bharatnet Project (National Optical Fibre Network)
- INSPIRE (Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research)
- SAKAAR
- Digital India
- Namami Gange Project (Integrated Ganga Conservation Mission Project)
- Ganga Gram Yojana
- Khelo India
- PRAGATI (Pro-Active Governance and Timely Implementation)
- Indian Community Welfare Fund (ICWF)
- Health
-
International Relations
- India’s Foreign Policy
- Evolution of India’s Foreign Policy
- Post 1990 Scenario
- Global Issues
- South Asia
- India – Nepal Relations
- India and Bhutan
- India-Afghanislam Relations
- India-Bangladesh Relations
- India-Maldives Relations
- India-Sri Lanka Relations
- India-Myanmar Relations
- India-Pakistan Relations
- SAARC
- NAM (Non-Alignment Movement): Relevance
- Central Asia
- Mongolia
- Kazakhastan
- Tukmenistan
- Uzbekistan
- West Asia
- India – UAE Relations
- India IRAN Relations
- Israel and Palestine Relations
- India – Israel Relations
- India – Saudi Arabia
- Asia – Pacific
- Asia-Pacific Region
- India-South East Asia Relations
- India-Asean Cooperation
- Indo-Japan Relations
- Indo-Australia Relations
- India – South Korea Relations
- India-Vietnam
- Africa
- India-South Africa Relations
- India-Nigeria Relations
- India-Kenya Relations
- India-Sudan Relations
- Europe
- India-Russia Relations
- India-France Relations
- India-Germany Relations
- India-United Kingdom Relations
- India-EU Kingdom Relations
- US-China
- India-USA Relations
- India-China Relations
- Indian Ocean Region
- Seychelles
- Mauritius
- Maldives
- Indian Diaspora
- Indian Diaspora in West
- Indian Diaspora in Gulf
- Indian Diaspora in Eastand Middle East
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